Making Butter-From a Liquid to a Solid

STEAM Lesson: Making Butter-Changing a Liquid to a Solid
Standards:
SC.2.P.8.1-Observe and measure objects in terms of their properties, including size, shape, color, temperature, weight, texture, sinking or floating in water, and attraction and repulsion of magnets
SC.2.P.8.3- Recognize that solids have a definite shape and that liquids and gases take the shape of their container.
SC.2.P.8.2 Identify objects and materials as solid, liquid, or gas.
MAFS.2.MD.3.AP.7a: Tell and write time in hours and half-hours using analog and digital clocks
MAFS.2.MD.4.10 Draw a picture graph and a bar graph (with single-unit scale) to represent a data set with up to four categories. Solve simple put-together, take-apart, and compare problems using information presented in a bar graph.
G.K12.4.3.2d- Creative Methodology- Accomplish: Design original problem solving models for use in specific situations.
MAFS.K12.MP.5.1: Use appropriate tools strategically.
VA.2.F.1.2 –Explore the advantages of having multiple solutions to solve an artistic problem.

Objectives:
• Students will be able to identify the changes and various states of matter
• Students will able to accurately measure length of time using a stopwatch
• Students will able to record and graph data
• Students will able to engineer an apparatus to solve a problem

Materials
• 18 small glass jars with lids
• 6-9 stopwatches
• Science journals or notebook paper
• Pencils
• Salt
• 4 qt. Heavy whipping cream
• Copy of Butter Battle Book by Dr. Seuss
• Various engineering and art supplies
• Projector
• Computer
• Internet connection
• Projection screen or whiteboard
• Speakers (connected to computer)
• Access to youtube

Procedure:
Set Up:
1. Gather materials (see above)
2. Fill half or 3 quarters of each small jar with heavy whipping cream. Set aside in cool place. Secure jars with lids.
3. Access video on youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oropJD0CUxI

Day 1:
1. Watch Robert Krampf Butter Making video (see link above)
2. Discuss with class changes in matter
3. Pass out jars to each individual student
4. Pass out stopwatches to pairs of students
5. Instruct students to take turns churning butter and recording length of time of process.
6. Allow students to taste butter if desired.
7. Instruct students to create a graph comparing their time and their partner’s time.
8. Have students take home butter

Day 2:
1. Read Butter Battle Book and discuss intricate machines illustrated within
2. Review butter making process from yesterday and discuss problems that may have arose such as sore arms or taking too long, etc.
3. Discuss innovation and how inventions are created to solve problems or improve overall quality of life.
4. Brainstorm as a class invention ideas to improve butter churning process ex. taping it to a ball and roll or toss it back and forth.
5. Have students illustrate or sketch or their simple machines or apparatus ideas on paper or in science notebooks.
6. Allow students to work in small groups (3-4) to create of one the ideas approved by teacher using various art supplies / engineering supplies.
7. Have students present their ideas to the class.

Assessment:
• Grade science journal with rubric created by teacher (Day 1)
• Grade presentation with rubric created by teacher (Day 2)

Accommodations:
• Allow ESOL and students with disabilities to work with partner
• Grade using alternate rubric
• Allow hearing and listening devices and caption video
• Provide visual guide of steps of procedure
• Allow student to work alone if uncomfortable working in group
• GIFTED Students- will have to design on paper a machine to solve another everyday problem